TrendForce’s 2023 Next-Gen Display Seminar Ends Successfully with No Empty Seats

On March 30, 2023, TrendForce held the 2023 TrendForce Next-Generation Display Industry Seminar at JW Marriott Hotel in Shenzhen, China, with its affiliated LEDinside and WitsView. Over a thousand representatives from the display industry gathered at the conference to explore the next-generation display technologies.
 
The conference began with an opening speech by Sara Fan, general manager at TrendForce (Shenzhen), who extended a warm welcome and gratitude to all the attendees, expressing her best wishes for the future development of the next-gen display industry.
Next, analysts from TrendForce and industry experts from the industry delivered captivating presentations. The following are some highlights shared by the guest speakers.
 
 
Next-Gen Display Technology Outlook 2023
Presented by Eric Chiou from TrendForce
 
Three years after the first Mini LED backlight came out, the development of the component varied between different applications. Regarding tablet and notebook applications—where Apple is the leading Mini LED advocator—OLED panels will be adopted starting in 2024 with the inauguration of 8.5-Gen production lines, consequently posing a considerable threat to the existing Mini LED backlight products. As for TV and monitor applications, Mini LEDs have yet to earn consumer favor due to their relatively high prices in the end market. Nevertheless, TrendForce estimates that Mini LED backlights will show promising mid- and long-term development in the two sectors thanks to Chinese brands’ hard effort to promote Mini LED and limited OLED production capacity.
 
According to TrendForce’s statistics, the global shipment of devices equipped with Mini LED backlights reached 17 million units in 2022. With reduced costs and expanded applications, the number is expected to hit 75 million in 2027.
 
Concerning Micro LED applications, their development in the large display sector—which was widely considered promising—has been slower than expected due to negative factors such as low yields of some components, limited investments from branded manufacturers, and relatively high costs. As Apple plans to adopt Micro LEDs for its products, wearables will become a major contributor to the growth in Micro LED market value and demand starting in 2024. Additionally, the development of Micro LED in the AR glasses sector is highly promising considering its high brightness nature; the cutting-edge technology will also be unparalleled in the creative automotive display market thanks to its compatibility with transparent and flexible designs.
 
As more suppliers will enter the market along with the introduction of new applications, TrendForce predicts the market value of Micro LEDs will jump from $14 million in 2022 to $1.24 billion in 2027 with a CAGR of 150%.
Eric Chiou, research vice president at TrendForce
 
 
 
Application Solutions for Mini LED Backlights and Development Opportunities
Presented by Fa-bo Liu from Nationstar 
 
Nationstar has developed a series of LED-backlit products and has been studying Mini LED backlight technologies since 2018, with three major solutions: Mini POB, Mini COB and Mini COG technologies.
 
Specifically, the POB process has low technical requirements with a high yield, low cost, and wide viewing angle, which is mainly applied to TVs, commercial displays, monitors, and automotive backlights. Although the COB solution comes with strict requirements for manufacturing process, equipment, and materials, it features simple procedures, high consistency and high cost-effectiveness, which has mostly been used for the production of TVs, monitors, and consumer electronics.
 
Nationstar has managed to mass produce Mini LED backlights for TVs and monitors, with automotive backlights in the trial production stage. Nationstar indicated that the optimization and diversification of relevant solutions and cost reduction will help boost the penetration rate of Mini LED backlights. Holding a positive attitude towards market development, the company has decided to put more effort into the research and development of Mini LED backlights, equipment investment and customer expansion, optimize production processes and expand its production capacity to meet market demand as well as provide more high-quality customized solutions.
 
Nationstar predicts that Mini LEDs will be more widely accepted in the market with increasingly diverse applications and a higher maturity level. Thanks to higher consumer spending, improved economy and rise of green vehicles, the Mini LED market will usher in a brighter future.
Fa-bo Liu, research and development director of the module business department at Nationstar
 
 
Development of Micro LED Technologies and Application Expansion
Presented by Xue-chao Sun from Leyard
 
Substrate-free Micro LEDs will be a major trend in the coming years with reduced chip size. Pixel layouts can be divided into horizontal and vertical arrangements. Moreover, LED color conversion technologies will further advance to solve the low-efficiency problem caused by reduced chip size.
 
Regarding technological development, COB/COG and MiP/IMD are two major packaging methods. Mass transfer mainly comprises contact and non-contact methods, with contact methods such as pick-and-place, die bonding and stamping, and laser transfer being the major non-contact process.
 
In the future, Micro LED will be more often and better used for wearables, automotive displays, TVs, commercial displays, outdoor displays, flexible displays, cinemas and virtual production studios.
 
Leyard developed its first Micro LED in 2019 and founded the joint venture LEADSTAR with Epistar in March 2020. In October of the same year, the manufacturer launched the world’s first Mini/Micro LED mass production line.
 
In terms of products, Leyard launched the world’s first standardized commercial Micro LED display in July 2020, implemented the world's first ultra-large Micro LED display project in January 2021, released Micro LED TVs for consumer use in November 2021 and significantly reduced the cost of Micro LED displays in 2022, thereby making a great stride into the consumer market. Leyard also plans to unveil a flagship Micro LED product in April 2023.
Xue-chao Sun, chief engineer of First Smart Display Laboratory at Leyard and vice president at Glux (Leyard subsidiary)
 
 
The Present and Future of Mini LED COB Backlights in the Consumer Market
Presented by Zhao-ming Zeng from APT Electronics
 
So far, TV manufacturers have rolled out Mini LED TVs with high cost-to-performance ratios, as well as more practical dimming design by number (200-700 local dimming zones) and Mini LED counts (1,000-5,000). In the future, as the high-end TV market grows swiftly with a trend towards larger TV screens and rising penetration of 8K models, Mini LED-backlit TVs are expected to experience rapid growth.
 
COB solutions have been widely applied to Mini LED-backlit TVs, but capacity utilization remains low among suppliers due to the high cost of COB backlights and lower-than-expected end demand. As a result, shipments of Mini LED COB backlights are mostly comprised of low-cost solutions.
 
On the other hand, Mini LED COB solutions are becoming more advanced, with equipment, processes and raw materials already being fundamentally mature without affecting the yield rate and quality. Once large-scale production is achieved, the cost of Mini LED COB backlights will further go down. Compared to solutions with similar specifications, the cost of a Mini LED COB backlight is expected to be closer to that of its POB counterpart in the future.
 
APT Electronics has gained rich experience in Mini LED backlights and has established multiple COB production lines capable of meeting the demand for 30,000 TVs. APT Electronics is also sharpening and optimizing relevant manufacturing processes, with a 95% yield rate so far, covering applications from TVs, monitors to automotive displays.
Zhao-ming Zeng, vice president at APT Electronics
 
 
Development of UHD Micro LED Display Industry Towards Greater Quality
Presented by Meng-long Tu from Ledman Optoelectronic
 
The Chinese central and local governments have offered policy support for the next-gen display industry over the past few years, leading to rapid development of Mini/Micro LED technologies for novel displays.
 
Known as the “ultimate display technology” with high brightness, high contrast, small size and many other features, Micro LED can be applied to various devices from large-sized video walls, TVs, monitors to smaller tablets, smartphones, AR/VR headsets and watches.
 
To achieve high-definition display, products in different sizes come with different settings regarding pixel pitch, pixel density and viewing distance with different requirements of Micro LED size. However, the Micro LED industry—which has yet to mature—is facing problems related to chip performance, grayscale correction, mass transfer, driving schemes and costs. As a result, it is currently incapable of meeting the requirements of most display products. Therefore, the development of Micro LED applications has been relatively slow.
 
From perspectives of technological and economic viability and business models, Ledman revealed that Micro LED will first thrive in large-sized displays and boost the LED RGB chip market size through rising sales. After its cost begins dropping quickly, Micro LED will gradually penetrate large- and mid-sized display applications. Next, Micro LED will be extended to watches before penetrating other small-sized applications.
Meng-long Tu, senior director of R&D center at Ledman Optoelectronic
 
 
Si-Substrate GaN LED Technologies for Mini/Micro LED Industry: Opportunities and Challenges
Presented by Ming-bing Zhou from LatticePower
 
Micro LED, with its outstanding performance in brightness, efficacy, reliability, response time, color saturation, thickness and size, holds immense market potential for AR applications. However, several technical challenges have yet to be overcome, including the need to improve effective EQE (external quantum efficiency), high production costs and low yield, poor brightness consistency, subpar results of grayscale response/brightness gradients, and the lack of an ideal full-color solution.
 
The application of GaN on silicon substrates for Micro LEDs offers advantages such as large size, low costs, high wavelength consistency, damage-free removal, low warpage and CMOS compatibility. It has become the mainstream approach to developing Micro LEDs for AR micro-displays, and has been widely adopted by Micro LED manufacturers in China and abroad.
 
LatticePower has been developing technologies involving GaN on silicon substrates for nearly 20 years and has been a global leader in large-scale industrialization. Its product portfolio covers the entire industry chain associated with epitaxy, chip making, device use and module production. So far, the company has developed full-color 8" Micro LED epi-wafers with wavelengths ranging from 365nm to 650nm, and has comprehensively optimized epitaxial parameters, luminous efficacy, consistency and reliability. It is expected to be widely used in AR, HMD (head-mounted displays), HUD (heads-up displays) automotive lamps with high density matrix and many other sectors in the future.
 
Ming-bing Zhou, manager of epitaxy process at LatticePower
 
 
Improving the Quality of Mini LED Manufacturing Processes through Visual Feedback
Presented by Tie-cheng Hu from Magic-ray Technology
 
Featuring high contrast, brightness and color gamut, low energy consumption, and a long lifetime, Mini LEDs have become a major competitor for the next-gen display technology. Cost reduction will help accelerate the commercialization of such components.
 
Te-cheng Hu, product manager at LatticePower, said that the cost of Mini LED manufacturing can be cut in four ways, namely the accomplishment of scale effect, proposal of innovative solutions, establishment of a mature industry chain, and standardization of relevant solutions and configurations. Specifically, the latter two can be achieved through visual feedback. With comprehensive Mini LED visual inspection solutions, Magic-ray Technology is able to overcome relevant challenges.
 
For example, the company’s Mini LED AOI (automated optical inspection) system can quickly detect defects in substrate incoming, SPI (solder paste inspection), pre-reflow and post-reflow AOI, as well as post-dispensing process (e.g., lighting up diodes on direct displays). Its functions can also be customized according to the target industry, such as stage-by-stage testing for long boards and inspections on Lens glue, dam adhesives and sided adhesives. The system is able to inspect a single panel with more than 100,000 chips at a speed of up to 4,000mm2/s.
 
As a high-tech company specializing in the research, development, production, sales and services of industrial visual inspection systems, Magic-ray has leveraged its over-a-decade of experience in industrial visual inspection to improve Mini LED manufacturing. The firm offers professional Mini LED visual inspection solutions for industry customers, helping them more rapidly achieve zero-defect production and plant digitalization.
Tie-cheng Hu, product manager at Magic-ray Technology
 
 
LED displays for xR Applications: Prospects and Trends
Presented by Feng Yang from Unilumin
 
Presently, xR virtual production is heading for improved artistic innovations, more mature technologies, reduced hardware upgrade costs, expanded applications and sustainable development. However, the industry faces challenges such as labor shortage, inconsistent industry standards, and a relatively limited market size.
 
To solve the said problems, Unilumin announced a complete xR virtual production solution comprising a virtual camera system, end-to-end solution, digital asset cloud platform and cinema.
 
Specifically, the xR Virtual Production System comes with major configurations including an LED display system, screen control system, camera and camera tracking system, media server, lighting system and plug-flow system. The end-to-end solution contains a cinema-grade LED virtual production studio, as well as medium, large- and small-sized commercial xR studios. The cinema—which comes with the UCine LED movie projector adopting QSC and JBL speakers—is a sound system solution tailored for cinema LED screens.
 
Unilumin’s xR VP Solution has been installed in cinemas and widely applied to advertising production, virtual concerts and other scenarios. For example, the box office hit ‘Everything Everywhere All at Once’ features three display backgrounds created using the CB5 LED panel developed by the company’s subsidiary ROE Visual.
Feng Yang, general manager of the xR department at Unilumin
 
 
Trend Analysis of MiP Packages for LED Display Market
Presented by Chun-wei Yan from Kinglight
 
LED displays are advancing towards high definition designs with smaller pixel pitch year by year. The market demand for fine-pitch and ultra-fine pitch displays continues to increase, showing a rapid growth trend.
 
In terms of packaging technologies, there are various options available such as IMD, MiP, COB and COG. Kinglight developed the MiP technology in 2021 with products such as the MC1010, MC0606 and MC0404, with the most notable feature being their low cost. Reportedly, the price of an MiP lamp bead produced by the manufacturer is equivalent to the cost of a single RGB chip set.
 
In terms of packaging technologies, there are various options available such as IMD, MiP, COB and COG. Kinglight developed the MiP technology in 2021 with products such as the MC1010, MC0606 and MC0404, with the most notable feature being their low cost. Reportedly, the price of an MiP lamp bead produced by the manufacturer is equivalent to the cost of a single RGB chip set.
 
Additionally, Kinglight’s MiP products have significant cost advantages in chips, downstream substrates, fixed asset investments and production expenditure. They also enable flexible manufacturing and independent control at the downstream sector, demonstrating strong market competitiveness.
Chun-wei Yan, R&D director at Kinglight
 
 
Mass Production of μLED Epi-Wafers: Challenges and Solutions
Presented by Zi-wen Fang from AIXTRON
 
Micro LED offers significant display advantages such as higher pixel density, longer product lifetime, strong brightness, shorter turn-on/turn-off time and wider color spectrum. Specifically, its low energy consumption makes Micro LED a suitable technology for small displays in future generations as they mostly come with a very limited battery space.
 
Mass production of Micro LEDs requires specified transfer process, during which millions of micrometer-sized LEDs (matrix) are picked and transferred, where any defect can lead to matrix dysfunction.
 
AIXTRON’s MOCVD systems AIX G5+ C and G10-AsP were developed based on its proprietary Planetary Reactor technology, equipping the manufacturer for next-gen Micro LED displays with high definition.
 
To avoid the problem, an epitaxy approach with nearly zero error must be implemented to minimize defects and maximize uniformity, thereby achieving production of Micro LEDs with high yield and desirable economic viability.
 
The AIX G5+C and fully automated G10-AsP measuring 200mm are the largest batch Micro LED reactors that are currently available in the market, both featuring in-situ cleaning and a C2C (cassette-to-cassette) wafer handler. For the first time, the front-end of the G10-AsP can be combined with SMIF (standard mechanical interface) pods to reduce indoor exposure for epi-wafers. The default in-situ cleaning function allows users to reset chamber conditions according to their need—whether it is the most demanding requirements after each process run or the highest throughout after a production cycle. As the Planetary Reactor technology successfully integrates the concept of multi-wafer batch reactors with that of single-wafer rotation, the platform guarantees optimal wafer uniformity.
Zi-wen Fang, vice president at AIXTRON
 
 
Advanced Roadmap for Next-Gen Displays: Competitive Advantages of Mini LED in Small and Mid-Sized Display Applications
Presented by Jia-xian Zhang from Refond Optoelectronics
 
The market potential for small and medium-sized displays is enormous, where backlit components need to be thin while also featuring high brightness, high contrast and high energy efficiency. Among the existing display technologies, Mini LED backlight technology is best poised to meet these requirements.
 
In order to produce thin and high-performing Mini LED backlight modules, numerous problems need to be addressed, including those related to PCB substrate materials, encapsulation processes, chip arrangement and dimming, packaging structures, and optical films.
 
With extensive experience in the Mini LED business, Refond has seen its technology, production capacity and yield of Mini LED products achieve the mass production level. Through core technologies such as flip-chip bonding, COB packaging, mold injection and thermal curing, and proprietary patents of uniform structure designs, Refond has developed high-quality ultra-thin (≤2mm) Mini LED backlight modules with good consistency, high luminous efficacy and a low cost. These breakthroughs have solved the challenges in Mini LED backlight applications and opened up greater possibilities for the technology in various applications.
Jia-xian Zhang, R&D director and vice president at Refond Optoelectronics
 
 
A New Stage for Glass-based Mini LEDs
Presented by Hai-wei Sun from BOE Jingxin Technology
 
As the display market continues to evolve with technological advancements, users start to demand more for display performance. In the future, display products have to be able to deliver more information, higher image quality, longer viewing time with convenient and highly integrated functions.
 
Glass-based MLED will be a display technology better suited for the future development of the industry.
In terms of display performance, glass-based MLED can achieve smaller pixel pitch and boasts superior molding uniformity , optical performance and high flatness. As a result, glass-based MLED products offer more refined image quality compared to PCB products.
 
Furthermore, the use of glass substrates and AM (active matrix) driving technology allows the glass-based MLED displays to achieve full grayscale without flickering, making them more eye-friendly. They also show better performance in heat dissipation and consume 20% less power compared to their PM (passive matrix) counterparts.
 
Their high resolution, high brightness, flicker-free, and high transparency enable glass-based MLEDs to fit various applications including xR filming, transparent displays, automotive displays, consumer electronics and more.
 
Jingxin has announced the mass produced P0.9 COG MLED display and is now developing products with smaller pixel pitch. In the Micro LED segment, the chipmaker is attempting to integrate its high-precision semiconductor processes with massive transfer technologies and LED chip-making strategies, aiming to develop relevant products.
Hai-wei Sun, director of MLED business development center at BOE
 
 
COB Display Control and High Definition Solutions
Presented by Dr. Guo-jing He from NovaStar
 
The control system is one of the most technologically advanced components of an LED display, consisting of a controller and a receiving card. The controller works by receiving signals and completing data processing tasks—such as decoding, data segmentation, and format conversion—before outputting them to the receiving card. Once the receiving card obtains the signals, it controls the brightness, color, and on/off status of each LED in an individual cabinet, allowing the LED array to display images.
 
Dr. He indicated that advances in technologies such as NovaStar’s 5G+8K as well as Mini/Micro LED displays are driving the LED display industry towards ultra-high-definition smart display and miniaturization, to which control systems need to be adapted accordingly.
 
NovaStar’s latest solution enables the controller to achieve single-port 8K resolution with a smaller form factor and lower power consumption. Moreover, it features an Ethernet interface, Type-C interface and 5G wireless technology, catering to various data transmission needs.
 
The receiving card also boasts a smaller size and lower power consumption along with increased load capacity and various new algorithms such as Xbit+, fine grayscale, and ABL, addressing issues related to brightness uniformity and color accuracy in COB and other fine-pitch products. The innovation in NovaStar's control system enables true-to-life display achieved through Mini/Micro LEDs, delivering exceptional image quality to users.
 
Dr. Guo-jing He from NovaStar
 
 
Development Trends in the Mini LED COB Industry
Presented by Zhou-cheng Xiong from MTC Display
 
MTC Group has vertically integrated its LED production, where MTC Display is positioned as a supplier at the downstream. MTC Display created six major production lines for COB products, namely the Real Pixel, direct-view LED TV, Glasses-Free 3D, Creative Display, Meta Visual and Education Display lines.
 
Specifically, the manufacturer has massed produced P0.78, P0.93, P1.25, P1.56 and P1.87 Real Pixel products, while the Meta Visual line comprises products engineered with subpixel rendering that can create visual experiences with higher resolution within the same space. The Education and Glasses-Free 3D are two emerging segments that the company has been investing in. The direct-view TV business signifies the display maker’s focus on the consumer market.
 
Adopting the flip-chip COB technology, MTC Display provides products with high molding uniformity, high color consistency, wide DCI color gamut and integrated three-in-one power system board; these anti-humidity, anti-collision, anti-static and washable products come with various advantages such as matte paint finish and 4H-grade hardness, which are engineered with more than 100 patents.
 
Concerning production capacity, MTC Display had 100 production lines of COB display modules as of 2H22. In November 2022, the number jumped to 600 after its Nanchang plant began operating, and was further boosted to 1,600 in 1Q23. The manufacturer plans to have more than 5,000 such production lines in the coming years.
Zhou-cheng Xiong, vice president at MTC Display
 
 
Micro LED High-Precision Mass Transfer and High-Speed Mass Inspection
Presented by Yong-hui Chen from StarSky Technology
 
Compared to display technologies such as LCD and OLED, Micro LED exhibits outstanding performance in terms of color accuracy, contrast ratio, response time, viewing angle, resolution, brightness and lifespan. However, cost remains a major challenge in its development. Under such circumstances, accelerating mass transfer and improving mass inspection have become crucial issues for the Micro LED industry to reduce manufacturing costs.
 
Currently, there are mainly two types of Micro LED color mixing technologies. The RGB mass transfer technology allows LEDs in three different colors to be transferred simultaneously. On the other hand, the single-color blue chip transfer + quantum dot technology works by transferring blue chips in batches first before changing some of their colors using the quantum dot method.
 
Constringing on the optimization of mass transfer and mass inspection processes, StarSky Technology has developed various Micro LED machines including an In/Au chip bonder (flip-chip bonding), all-in-one wafer alignment/bonding equipment with high precision (μm-grade wafer bonding), mass inspector for chip offset positions (chip offset detection), optical nanoscale equipment (3D topography measurement) and nanoimprint lithography machine (precise chip bonding). The products will help reduce enhance the yield of Micro LEDs at a lower cost and accelerate the cutting-edge technology’s industrialization.
 
Yong-hui Chen from StarSky Technology
 
 
Breakthroughs in Mini LED driver ICs
Presented by Xiang-nan Song from Sunmoon Microelectronics
 
In recent years, both Mini LED direct-view displays and backlight technologies have been rapidly advancing, with applications expanding to diverse fields such as office and education, commercial retail, smart display, and end-market entertainment applications.
 
As Mini LED continues to rapidly grow, various problems related to its applications have appeared due to different requirements in various market segments, leading to stricter requirements for display driver IC technologies. In response to the display problems caused by Mini LED, Sunmoon provides comprehensive driver IC solutions.
 
To solve problems faced by direct-view Mini LED displays (e.g., parasitic coupling, temperature and power consumption, spatial layout, low-grayscale refresh rate and display consistency), Sunmoon incorporated its driver IC solutions with patented common-cathode integrated driving, smart energy saving, SM_PWM smart display processing, and LED polarity short-circuit detection and processing technologies, thereby overcoming difficulties in applying Mini LED direct-view displays.
 
As for problems facing Mini LED backlights, such as high costs, undesirable dimming as well as inconsistent display uniformity, brightness and power consumption, Sunmoon offers the PM driver SM6610 featuring integrated line scanning decoding, compatibility with high-voltage power supply and self-adjusting algorithms, as well as the AM driver SM6212 featuring 12 channels, compatibility with single-sided PCB wiring, anomaly detection and signal retransmission, and information feedback and interaction, meeting the requirements of various Mini LED backlight applications.
 
Xiang-nan Song, market director of LED display driver technologies at Sunmoon Microelectronics
 
 
Global LED Display Market: Opportunities and Challenges for 2023
Presented by Allen Yu from TrendForce
 
According to TrendForce’s latest data, the overseas market demand recovered considerably despite a slump in the demand for LED displays in China throughout 2022, while LED virtual production, all-in-one machines and other new applications continued to grow.
 
The size of the global LED display market still reached USD 7 billion in 2022. Entering 2023, market demand did not return as expected as per the performance in 1Q23. Nonetheless, the market will likely bounce back in the second half of the year with rising demand for both distribution-based and project-based displays. Conversely, the overseas demand will remain mostly the same as it was in 2022. Driven by the demand for new applications in virtual production studios, all-in-one machines and cinemas, the LED display market is estimated to see a 13% growth rate in 2023. In the long run, TrendForce optimistically predicts the market will be valued at USD 13 billion in 2026 thanks to the rise of fine-pitch and Mini LED displays.
 
From the technological perspective, when manufacturers start targeting at fine-pitch LED displays with a ≥P1.2 pixel pitch after COB, MiP and relevant technologies mature, other LED approaches such as SMD/N in 1 will be affected somewhat. Considering such technological competition, uncertainty will remain in the industry chain with revolution of industrial specialization being possible.
Allen Yu, research manager at TrendForce
 
 
Panel Discussion
Later, a panel discussion was hosted by AMTE vice president Guo-guang Ye.
 
Several guest speakers were invited during this session, including Jian Sang (VP at Honglitronic), Xue-chao Sun (chief engineer of First Smart Display Laboratory at Leyard and vice president at Glux), Xin-hang Peng (general manager of Hymson’s Next-Gen Display Center), Chen Shen (VP at Saphlux) and Dr. Hong-lei Ji (optical system engineer of TCL Electronics’ R&D Center).
 
During the session, guest speakers shared their insights into trending topics within the display industry, such as the impact of the Chinese and global economy in 2023 on the display industry, market outlook of COB displays with a P1.0 or higher pixel pitch, development of Mini LED TVs and Micro LED commercialization. Together, they devised corresponding strategies for the display industry and envisioned the future of next-gen displays.
Guest speakers talk during the panel discussion
 
 
Publication dates: May 31, 2022 and November 30, 2022
Format: PDF
Languages: Traditional Chinese/English
Number of pages: 130–150 in total (subject to change)
 
Publication dates: April 30, 2022 and October 31, 2022
Languages: Traditional Chinese/English
Format: PDF
Number of pages: 120–130 for the two publications in total
Publication date: September 28, 2022
Languages: Traditional Chinese/English
Format: PDF
Number of pages: 222

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Grace Li
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E-mail :  Perrywang@trendforce.cn
Tel : +86-755-82838931 ext.6800
 
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